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Past Perfect tense

Past Perfect
Прошедшее завершённое время
had + V3
had worked
had played
had written

Past Perfect
Употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определённого момента в прошлом. Этот момент может быть определён:
такими обозначениями времени, как
by 5 o`clock (к 5 часам); by Saturday (к субботе); by the end of the year (к концу года); by that time (к тому времени); by the 15th of December (к 15 декабря)
By the end of the year he had learnt to speak English.
We had done our homework by 4 o`clock.
другим (более поздним) прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Simple:
We watched the film which our friends had told us about.
Tom ate an ice-cream he had bought in the shop.

А также Past Perfect используется:

в придаточном предложении после союза after (после того, как):
After the sun had set, we decided to return home.
в сложно-подчинённом предложении с союзом before (прежде чем; до того как):
I had finished my work before my mother came.
в главном предложении при наличии наречий
hardly, scarcely (едва):
He had hardly entered the house, when it started to rain.

Past Perfect
+ She had written the composition by 3 o`clock.

? Had she written the composition by 3 o`clock?

- She had not written the composition by 3 o`clock.

Test:
Before I went to Russia last year I (to read) a lot about it.
I found that your country (to change) so much.
I (to hear) that Moscow became as an international city as London.
I (to expect) that Russia is a cold country and I (to find) it was true.
She (to be born) before the war (to begin).
Captain Cook (to discover) the island before he (to die).

Insert the verbs in the Past Perfect tense. (Вставьте глаголы в Past Perfect.)
I ... (to have) breakfast before I went to school.
He went to meet his friends after he ... (to do) his homework.
By 8 o’clock the rain ... (to stop).
Alice was late because she ... (to miss) the bus.
She went to the post-office after she ... (to write) the letter.
He ... (to work) at the factory before he entered the college.
He got a bad mark for his test because he ... (to make) a lot of mistakes in it.
I went to bed after I ... (to finish) reading the book.
The child ... (to fall) asleep before the parents came home.
They ... (to marry) before they bought this house.

Use Past Perfect of the verbs in the box to complete the sentences. (Используйте Past Perfect предложенных глаголов, чтобы дополнить предложения.)
to leave,  to go,  to die,  to see,  to live,  to fly
I didn’t read the text in class because I …  my book at home.
The children didn’t want to go to the cinema because they ... already ... the film.
Kate wasn’t at home last week because she ... to visit her uncle.
Linda never knew her father because he ... before she was born.
I was excited when the plane took off because I... never ... before.
My grandfather was always afraid of animals because he ... never ... in the country.

 Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect tense of the verbs below. (Дополните предложения, используя форму Past Perfect глаголов, приведенных ниже.)
— I  
to have dinner, to do homework, to come , to read the book, to clean the room, to go shopping, to return from Australia, to finish work
I went to see my friend after...
I watched TV after..
They went home after...
He phoned me after...
She went to dance after...
We wrote a composition after...
They rebuilt the house after...
 We went for a walk after...