Презентация - "Карл Вильгельм Шееле , шведский химик."

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
федеральное государственное АВТОНОМНОЕ образовательное учреждение высшего образования
«Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»
Димитровградский инженерно-технологический институт –
филиал федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего
образования «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»
(ДИТИ НИЯУ МИФИ)



Karl Wilhelm Scheele

Подготовила:
студентка 471 группы Казаева Полина Евгеньевна
Руководитель: преподаватель Яббарова Ольга Владимировна

Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786) was a chemist and pharmacist who distinguished himself by discovering a large number of chemicals, although the most important element attributed to him was oxygen, which he called the air of fire. It also helped to discover, isolate and identify the properties of a long list of chemical elements, including chlorine or arsenic acid.His research spanned fields such as organic chemistry, where he used different types of fruits to study their acids. During these experiments, he was able to isolate citric acid from lemons or lactic acid from milk.

Karl Wilhelm Scheele was born on December 9, 1742 in Stralsund, Germany. He studied at a private school in Stralsund, but in 1757 he moved to Gothenburg. Then he became an apprentice pharmacist and actively engaged in self-education because his parents did not have the means to give him a higher education.
During his father's lifetime, little Karl started working in a pharmacy. There the boy got acquainted with the basics of pharmacology and chemistry, because pharmacies manufactured not only medicines, but also many chemical compounds. During the day he worked, and at night he studied the works of famous chemists, trying to repeat their experiments. Often it ended in a fire or explosion.

Keen observation, rich intuition, and analytical talent allowed Scheele to discover seven chemical elements: oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, barium, molybdenum, manganese, and tungsten. No chemist has discovered so many new substances before or since.Crude saltpeter accidentally helped Scheele discover nitric acid. The old scientists immediately offered the talented newcomer to use the well-equipped classrooms of the university for further experiments. However, he refused, preferring his old barn, where he equipped his laboratory. There, regardless of the time of year, Karl spent long hours alone doing all kinds of chemical research.

In the work "Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire", Scheele described the production and properties of "fiery air" and pointed out that atmospheric air consists of two "types of air": oxygen and nitrogen. Despite the fact that for the first time in history he received oxygen in laboratory conditions, the priority of the discovery of oxygen belongs to Joseph Priestley, since the work was published only in 1777. Then he was the first to receive and study potassium permanganate - potassium permanganate and discovered hydrogen sulfide.

Scheele took up the study of cyanide compounds, as well as arsenic compounds. The chemist isolated hydrogen cyanide. Scientists at that time, receiving chemical compounds, were obliged to check them for smell and taste. Karl was well aware of the danger of his own experiments for health, but he treated it calmly as an inevitable evil, calling frequent poisoning "the misfortune of all pharmacists." On May 26, 1786, he was found dead at his workplace surrounded by poisonous reagents. Karl Scheele died determining the taste of prussic acid. The chemist managed to leave a note that it smells like bitter almonds