Презентация - "Презентация Mary I Tudor or Bloody Mary"

Mary I Tudor or
Bloody Mary

Mary I Tudor
Mary I, also called Mary Tudor, byname Bloody Mary, (born February 18, 1516, Greenwich, near London, England—died November 17, 1558, London), the first queen to rule England (1553–58) in her own right. She was known as Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Roman Catholicism in England.

Parents
Before the birth of Mary Tudor, all the children of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon died during fetal development or immediately after childbirth, and the birth of a healthy girl caused great joy in the royal family.

Early life
For the first two years of her life, Maria moved from one palace to another. This was due to an epidemic of English sweat, which the king feared, moving further and further from the capital. By the fall of 1518, the epidemic had receded, and the court returned to the capital and to its usual life.

Education
The princess's upbringing plan was drawn up by the Spanish humanist Vives. The princess had to learn to speak correctly, master grammar and read Greek and Latin. Great importance was given to the study of the work of Christian poets, and for the sake of entertainment she was recommended to read stories about women who sacrificed themselves - Christian saints and ancient virgin warriors.

Canceled wedding
At this time, Francis I ascended the throne in France. He was eager to prove his strength and power, for which he sought to conclude a friendly alliance with Henry through the marriage of Mary and the French Dauphin Francis. The wedding was later canceled

Pretender to the throne
Mary was the main contender for the throne for a long time. Her high position was slightly shaken when the king's mistress Elizabeth Blount gave birth to a boy (1519). He was named Henry, and the child was revered as having royal ancestry.

Cancellation of engagement to Karl
In June 1522, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V arrived at the court of Henry and concluded an engagement agreement with Mary. In 1527, Henry cooled off in his love for Charles. The engagement between him and Maria was broken off shortly before Maria left for Wales.

Princess of Wales
In 1525 she was named princess of Wales by her father, although the lack of official documents suggests she was never formally invested. The princess left for her new domain at the end of the summer of 1525 with a huge retinue. Mary was entrusted with the duties of administering justice and performing ceremonial functions.

A succession of stepmothers
In the summer of 1527, Henry decided to annul the marriage with Catherine, while Mary became the illegitimate daughter of the king and lost her rights to the crown. For several years, the king changed two wives and the latter gave birth to his son Edward

New queen of England
After Edward's death, sixteen-year-old Jane Gray did indeed become queen. During the crisis of the succession to the throne, Mary managed to avoid reprisals and fled to East Anglia. Jane Gray did not have widespread support in the English elite and soon the crown passed to Mary.

Execution of relatives
During the first six months on the throne, Mary executed 16-year-old Jane Gray, her husband, Guildford Dudley, father, Henry Gray, and father-in-law, John Dudley. Being by nature not prone to cruelty, Maria could not decide for a long time to send her relative to the chopping block. But after a series of uprisings, they were beheaded

Execution of Protestants
She began the restoration of the Catholic faith in the state, the reconstruction of monasteries. However, during her reign, there were a large number of executions of Protestants. It was ordered not to spare even those who, facing the fire, agreed to convert to Catholicism.

Marriage to Phillip II
In the summer of 1554, Mary married Philip, the son of Charles V. The people disliked the queen's new husband. Although the queen tried through parliament to pass a decision to consider Philip the king of England, the parliament refused her in this.

Death of the queen
Mary died of a fever widespread in England, and by November 1558 realized that she would not survive and moved to St. James's Palace. Her strength left her, but the woman managed to deprive her husband of any rights to England and write a will in favor of a successor, whom, despite the enmity , became Elizabeth.