Презентация - "Презентация Mistakes that worked 8 класс"

Mistakes that worked

Gunpowder

It is maybe more of a legend, but whatever the real story behind the discovery of gunpowder, it is an interesting one. So, it was back around the year 850, when a Chinese alchemist was experimenting in his quarters trying to find the elixir for a lengthening of life. So whatever was that he meant to use for making this elixir, he invented a substance that has changed the world ever since.

PENICILLIN

Dr. Alexander Fleming was a famous Scottish bacteriologist. Returning from vacation, Fleming found cultures of Staphylococcus in the lab, which he meant to throw away before he left. To his surprise, some of the cultures died.

Further investigation led Fleming to discover that a fungus (грибок), which had grown in the culture, destroyed bacteria. The type of fungus he found was a mold (плесень) called Penicillium notatum.

First calling it "mold juice," Fleming rebranded it as "penicillin." It was the first antibiotic discovered and that has helped save countless lives.

Anesthesia

What we are talking about here is the first chemical used for aesthetic purposes. That was nitrous oxide (оксид азота), better known as laughing gas since it was used for these purposes on parties. But its pain-relieving (обезболивающий) effects were discovered by accident in the mid-19th century by physician Crawford Williamson Long and dentist Horace Wells, who both decided to use this nitrous oxide on their patients, and the results were successful.

X-Rays

It was in 1895 when one of the most important medical accidental scientific discoveries and invention was made by mistake. Wilhelm Röntgen was examining effects of the passing of electrical current (поток) through gasses and realized he had found out the electromagnetic radiation which can go through almost any solid matter (жидкую материю). His discovery was immediately recognized as a revolutionary thing in medicine, and it had remained like that ever since.

Insulin

Discovery of insulin was realized by studying the pancreas (поджелудочная железа) which produces it. But what makes this discovery accidental was the discussion between Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering that occurred in the library of Strasbourg University in 1889. After that, some experiments were made and it became obvious that insulin regulates sugar in the body, but it took more years before it was extracted and patented in medicine.

Coca Cola

While serving as lieutenant, John Pemberton, who was a pharmacist, was wounded. He got addicted to the morphine used to ease the pain. He began experimenting with coca wines for opium-free alternatives, eventually creating his own version of Vin Mariani, containing kola nut (орех колы) and damiana (дамиан), which he called Pemberton’s French Wine Coca.
Relying on Atlanta druggist Willis Venable to test and help him perfect the recipe for the beverage- which he formulated by trial and error- it eventually included blending the base syrup with carbonated water (газировка) by accident. Pemberton decided then to sell it as a fountain (газированный) drink rather than a medicine.

Microwave

Since its discovery in mid-20th-century microwaves had become an inevitable part of homes around the world. The man behind this invention is Percy LeBaron Spencer who was a self-taught engineer (инженер самоучка) who worked on magnetrons, used in radar systems which produce microwave radiations (микроволновую радиацию). So, one day he realized that when working with the magnetron, chocolate in his pocket had melted (растаял). Then he realized it could have been due to the microwaves, and he started putting different foods in the magnetron, realizing that they are being cooked faster than in the normal oven. And since microwave radiation cannot pass through metal, he then designed a metal box that emitted (излучала) microwaves.

PLAY-DOH

This classic children's toy began as a household cleaning product. Cleo McVicker, the head of the department in the cleaning company, produced a ready-made wallpaper cleaner for their stores.
Using water, salt and flour, the company developed a malleable (пластичное) compound to clean wallpaper. McVicker's son, Joseph, was encouraged by his sister to make the product a toy for children.
He visited her classroom to see the designs that the children made with their wallpaper cleaner. He was convinced that this was the right way to pivot (развернуться).
Altering the ingredients to remold (перекроил) the product into a toy, Kutol Products established Rainbow Crafts Company Inc. to sell Play-Doh.